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Infectious diseases touch the lives of everyone on the planet. On a worldwide scale, infectious diseases account for 26% of all deaths, second only to cardiovascular diseases. And unlike chronic diseases, infectious diseases are unique in their potential for explosive global impacts.
episodes:
01. The Dynamic World of Infectious Disease
Dive into the fascinating stories behind three notorious diseases: bubonic plague, malaria, and polio. See how scientists of the time were able to discover the causes of these diseases and develop effective treatments. Also, learn why infectious diseases are still a pressing issue for our society, despite our advances in science and technology.
02. Bacteria: Heroes and Villains
Start your study of the basic elements of germ theory with bacteria. Once you’ve inspected the anatomy of a bacterium cell and its function, explore how bacteria can cause disease and how they can adapt to make themselves elusive to your immune system. Then, investigate three diseases caused by bacteria: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.
03. Viruses: Hijackers of Your Body's Cells
Zoom in to see a particle 100 times smaller than bacteria: the virus, which can replicate inside living cells. Follow the life cycle of a virus as you see what viruses like HIV and Ebola do to host cells. Meet two germs that fall between bacteria and viruses – the spirochete and rickettsia.
04. Moldy Menaces and Fungal Diseases
Although fungal diseases usually don’t involve humans, they can indirectly affect us, and they have played a major role in human history. Investigate diverse infections that can be acquired when you come into contact with mold or fungus – sometimes by raking or blowing rotting leaves! Also learn whether or not you should have your household duct system cleaned regularly.
05. Milestones in Infectious Disease History
Where would we be without the scientists that brought to life the inventions and discoveries that are the foundations of modern medicine? In this lecture, meet some of the people who developed the tools to identify microorganisms, the means to pinpoint the source of a disease, the vaccinations to prevent them, and the drugs to treat them.
06. Antibiotics: A Modern Miracle Lost?
Trace the history of antibiotic development and explore how the eight classes of antibiotics attack bacterial infections. Gain an introduction to the increasingly important concern of antibiotic resistance, and learn how you can contribute to the more prudent use of antibiotics.
07. Which Germs in Your Daily Life Matter?
Microbes are all around us – the question is “What do we have to worry about?” From airplanes to restaurants, hotel rooms to your master bathroom, learn how you can protect yourself from germs without becoming totally obsessed with them. Is there any truth to the Five Second Rule? Find out in this lecture.
08. Six Decades of Infectious Disease Challenges
Track the history of infectious diseases decade by decade: the easily cured childhood illnesses of the 50s, the diseases spread by risky behaviors in the 60s, and the outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease in the late 70s, followed by the tragedies of human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, in the 80s and 90s.
09. Vaccines Save Lives
From routine childhood vaccinations to the experimental vaccines given to Ebola patients in Africa and the United States, vaccines have a powerful effect on public health. Learn the facts about the four different types of vaccines and their components, and discover why the concept of herd immunity is critical to public health.
10. The Immune System: Our Great Protector
Take a closer look at the intricate components of your body that try to protect you from dangerous infectious diseases. Then, explore immunosenescence – the changes in your immune system as you age – and learn proven ways to keep your immune system strong and prevent illness.
11. Zoonosis: Germs Leap from Animals to Humans
Seventy percent of infectious diseases originate from wildlife. Why are new diseases – such as bird flu and swine flu – so prevalent, and how are these exotic diseases being transmitted from animals to humans? Learn how to protect yourself from these diseases, including two you can get from your cat.
12. Tick-Borne Diseases: A Public Health Menace
These small ectoparasites have emerged in force and have created a new public health crisis. Discover why tick-borne diseases are so easy to contract but difficult to diagnose, and get the facts about Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne illness in the United States.
13. Food-Borne Illness: What's Your Gut Feeling?
From traveler’s diarrhea to food poisoning, explore a myriad of illnesses that can enter the body through the food you eat. Gain an awareness of a severe bacterial infection that is on the rise in hospitals, particularly in patients over age 65.
14. Respiratory and Brain Infections
Turn now to severe respiratory and central nervous system illnesses that may have deadly consequences. Zoom in to the cellular level to see how complicated these infections can be, and how deadly pneumonia and bacterial meningitis can become. Learn to recognize the symptoms of pneumonia and meningitis, and when to seek medical attention.
15. Flesh-Eating Bacteria and Blood Poisoning
Continue your study of the body with infections that affect the skin and bloodstream, including the powerful sepsis infection, which is responsible for 10% of deaths in the United States. Get the facts on necrotizing fasciitis, or “flesh-eating bacteria,” and travel back 40 years to follow the evolution of the resistant bacteria MRSA.
16. STDs and Other Infections below the Belt
Begin this lecture with a fascinating story of a twist of fate in 1951 that turned out to be one of the most important developments in medical history. Then, study infections that attack the urinary tract and pelvic organs, and learn more about the wide range of sexually transmitted diseases.
17. Stay Out of the Hospital!
Go behind the scenes at a hospital, and unveil the truth: what is perceived as a pristine and sterile environment is really bustling with all kinds of germs. Discover why some hospitals forbid their doctors to wear white coats and wedding rings, and learn what you can do to protect yourself if you must be hospitalized.
18. The Nemesis of Mankind: HIV and AIDS
More than three decades after the first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were reported, the global health community is still dealing with a pandemic of 33 million infected people, of which about 3 million are children. Learn the scientific facts behind this virus and why it is so difficult to find a vaccine or cure.
19. Malaria and Tuberculosis: Global Killers
In spite of a multitude of global efforts to decrease their mortality rates, these two ancient diseases are still the deadliest in the world. Go beyond vaccines and mosquito netting and see the innovative experiments being conducted in an attempt to eradicate malaria and tuberculosis.
20. Global Travel, War, and Natural Disasters
Witness the toll infectious diseases take on populations during times of war and natural disasters, using examples from Napoleon’s armies to modern-day Syria. Then, learn why your personal physician isn’t the best person to talk to about risks when you’re about to embark on foreign travel.
21. Influenza: Past and Future Threat
Despite being a common disease, the flu is responsible for some of the deadliest pandemics of all time. Explore two important biological aspects of influenza – antigenic drift and antigenic shift – to understand why changes in viruses can have such a huge impact on disease prevalence.
22. Bioterrorism: How Worried Should We Be?
Explore the three scenarios that pose the greatest threats in a bioterrorism attack: an airborne agent like anthrax, a smallpox attack, and a release of botulinum toxin in cold drinks. Understand the steps that the CDC takes to protect the public and what you can do as an average citizen.
23. Emerging and Reemerging Diseases
The outbreak of Ebola in 2014 in West Africa became an international crisis in a matter of weeks – even traveling across the ocean to the United States. Explore deadly emerging and reemerging diseases that continually challenge our detection and response abilities.
24. Outbreak! Contagion! The Next Pandemic!
By repeatedly folding a sheet of paper using a simple pattern, you bring together many of the ideas from previous lectures. Finish the course with a challenge question that reinterprets the folding exercise as a problem in sharing jelly beans. But don’t panic! This is a test that practically takes itself!
